Low bone mineral density (BMD) is often referred to as osteopenia, the precursor to osteoporosis. In the early stages, osteopenia may not cause noticeable signs or symptoms. As BMD continues to decline, individuals may experience subtle signs such as loss of height over time, a stooped or hunched posture (kyphosis), or back pain. Fractures, especially in the spine, hip, or wrist, may occur with minimal trauma. However, it's important to note that these signs may not be exclusive to low BMD and can be associated with other conditions as well. If you have concerns about low BMD or osteoporosis, it's best to consult with a healthcare professional for evaluation and appropriate management. Early detection through bone density testing is crucial for timely interventions and preventing further bone loss or fractures.