White blood cell (WBC) counts can be affected by various diseases and conditions. Certain infections, such as bacterial, viral, fungal, or parasitic infections, can cause an increase in WBC count as the immune system responds to fight off the infection. Autoimmune diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis or lupus, can also impact WBC counts. Additionally, certain cancers, including leukemia and lymphoma, can lead to abnormal WBC counts. Other conditions that can affect WBCs include bone marrow disorders, inflammatory disorders, allergies, and certain medications. It is important to note that changes in WBC count alone are not diagnostic of a specific disease but serve as an indication for further evaluation. Accurate diagnosis requires a comprehensive medical evaluation, including physical examination, medical history, and diagnostic tests. Consulting with a healthcare professional is crucial for proper evaluation, diagnosis, and management of the underlying condition causing the changes in WBC count.