Calcitonin is a tumor marker primarily associated with medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC). MTC is a rare form of thyroid cancer that originates from the C cells (parafollicular cells) of the thyroid gland. These tumor cells produce excessive amounts of calcitonin, resulting in elevated levels of the hormone in the bloodstream. Therefore, measuring calcitonin levels through a blood test serves as an important diagnostic tool for detecting and monitoring MTC. Calcitonin levels can help in the early detection, diagnosis, staging, and follow-up of MTC patients. However, it's important to note that calcitonin levels alone cannot provide a definitive diagnosis, and further evaluation and imaging studies are often necessary to confirm the presence of MTC.